Author(s): Alissa Rozan*
Extractive industries, encompassing mining, oil, and gas operations, have been fundamental to economic development and technological progress. However, their environmental impact has been profound and multifaceted, influencing ecosystems, human health, and local communities. This article examines the historical trajectory of extractive industries, focusing on their production practices, pollution consequences, and the resultant social and environmental protests. By analyzing case studies from different global regions, this study highlights the evolution of regulatory frameworks and community resistance, providing insights into contemporary challenges and future directions for sustainable practices.
The Journal of International Social Research received 8982 citations as per Google Scholar report
