Author(s): Gosselin Barker*
The legitimacy of the state's role in the implementation of public policy is increasingly being questioned in many developed nations. The breadth and significance of these issues are demonstrated by the fact that a recent issue of Public Administration was devoted to the subject. Clarifications of the issues distressing arrangement execution have long centered on the methodology embraced - i.e., hierarchical. Defenders of the hierarchical methodology address control and correspondence among progressive levels. However, advocates of the bottom-up approach take into account the political micro-processes that are in play among stakeholders with divergent interests and frequently conflicting values. They believe that negotiation is the process by which public policy is put into action, and that negotiation is influenced by the structure of the network of stakeholders, their interactions, and the distribution of power among them.
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