Author(s): Halil ÃZTÃRK*
Mu‘tazile, the founder of the science of Kalam, is a sect that emerged with a libertarian approach in Islamic thought. Vas?l b. Ata and hjri II. In the adventure that started since the century, it has entered into a hard struggle, especially with the fatalist approach of force. This understanding, which does not appreciate any freely action space for human beings, and connects everything to the will, power and deeds of Allah, has voided the avoidance of human responsibilities, the fact of testing, the existence of heaven and hell. In addition, it caused God to be characterized by cruelty and bad deeds. As a way to get rid of these dilemmas, she accepted as one of her basic principles to emphasize that she is the maker of human acts and named themselves as 'ehlü't-tawhid ve'l-adl'. He used concepts such as agency, mûcid, and muhdis to express that he is the maker of human actions. In the early periods, they hesitated to use the concept of hajj for human beings, and they joined this alliance because the ummah's predecessor scholars thought that there is no creator but God. Abu'l-Hasan al-Ash'ari expressed it for the first time, the Basra Mu‘tazile’s together with Abu Ali al-Jubbâî became a concept used for humanity. Abu Ali suggested for the first time that anyone who forms his verb with willpower and design, whether he is a woman or a muhdis, can be described with this concept. He stated that human beings are also real. Later, Abu Abd Allâh al-Basri claimed that only human beings can be named as real and God can be named as metaphorical. With Abu Ali, a new terminology has emerged in Mu’tazile to express that human beings are free in their actions.
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