Author(s): Åahap BULAK
One of the most controversial topics of Turkish syntax and even Turkish grammar is undoubtedly the “sentence on basis of structures”. Although there has been much debate until today, there has been no consensus about “sentence on basis of structures”, the difference of opinion on this topic has increased as it has been discussed, and thus it has become highly complicated over time. Considering the classifications of sentence on basis of structures included in grammar books, syntax books, and related publications, some differences stand out in these classifications arising from taking different criteria as basis. When these different ideas are taken into consideration, it is possible to observe some controversial issues such as the definition of sentence, whether it is possible to classify or restrict sentence on basis of structures, how structures and judgments that underpin sentence are handled, the problematic state of the terms used in classifications, and the fact that classifications do not include all types of sentence used in Turkey Turkish. In this study, first of all, the problems that cause controversy among the linguists about the issue of sentence on basis of structures were summarized along with several ideas about how they should be solved, and then the sentences were divided into three main groups as simple sentences, compound sentences, and elliptical sentences. Simple sentences, divided into two subgroups as direct simple sentences and complex simple sentences, were analyzed and illustrated. Compound sentences were divided into three groups as so-called compound sentences which were also divided into three subgroups as so-called compound clauses, conditional compound clauses, and interbedded compound clauses; real compound sentences which were also divided into two subgroups as coordinate compound clauses and dependent compound clauses, and complex compound sentences with analysis and illustrations. Then, elliptical sentences were analyzed and illustrated after being divided into two subgroups: simple-structured elliptical clauses and compound-structured elliptical clauses. Thus, the researcher has sought to contribute to achieving a consensus on the topic of sentence on basis of structures that has become a problem in Turkish syntax.
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